In this lesson, you will learn about the relative pronouns “was,” “wer,” and “wo,” their functions, how to use them, and what they mean.
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The interrogative pronouns WER and WAS can be used as relative pronouns. The pronoun WER refers only to persons, while WAS can denote only things. And the table below shows that wer and was do not differ in gender or number (singular, plural). They are declined as follows:
Nominative | wer | was |
Accusative | wen | was |
Dative | wem | / |
Genitive | wessen | wessen |
WAS
WAS is used:
▪ after: alles, etwas, nichts
For example:
Ich habe etwas, was dich interessieren könnte. – I have something that might interest you.
Hier gibt es nichts, was Sie kaufen möchten. – There is nothing here that you want to buy.
Ich kaufe alles, was wir brauchen. – I buy everything we need.
main clause / subordinate clause
▪ after: nominal adjective in the superlative
For example:
Es ist das Schönste, was du mir gegeben hast.
Es ist das Beste, was ich je erlebt habe.
mein clause / subordinate clause
WO
Wo in the function of a relative pronoun can stand:
▪ after some place, it can be a country, a city, a building, an institution …
For example:
Paris ist eine Stadt, wo ich immer gerne Urlaub mache.
Das ist der Kinderspielplatz,wo meine Kinder gespielt haben.
Italien ist ein Land, wo man sehr gut leben kann.
mein clause / subordinate clause
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Grammar Contents
WO can be an alternative for in + Dative.
For example:
Das ist das Hotel. In dem Hotel haben wir immer Urlaub gemacht.
Das ist das Hotel, in dem wir immer Urlaub gemacht haben.
Das ist das Hotel, wo wir immer Urlaub gemacht haben.
In addition to WO, we can also use WOHIN.
WOHIN can be an alternative for in + Akkusativ
For example:
Wir fahren in den ZOO. In den ZOO wollten unsere Kinder seit langem.
Wir fahren in den ZOO, in den unsere Kinder seit langem wollten.
Wir fahren in den Vergnügungspark, wohin unsere Kinder seit langem wollten.
WER
WER can be used as a relative pronoun instead of a demonstrative pronoun and a relative pronoun. As already mentioned, it only applies to persons.
Wer stands often in combination with der, which functions as a relative pronoun, and this combination can stand:
▪ when we talk about unknown persons
And then wer (relative pronoun) is written in the dependent clause, and der (demonstrative pronoun) is written in the main clause
The subordinate clause comes BEFORE the main clause.
Wer einmal liegt, dem glaubt man nicht.
relative clause, main clause (in the main clause, man is the subject, and the verb glauben requires the Dative = dem (D))
If the case of the relative pronoun and the demonstrative pronoun are identical, then the demonstrative pronoun can be omitted.
Wer viel Süßes isst, der braucht eine Diät.
Wer ständig zu spät zur Arbeit kommt, der erhält am Monatsende ein geringeres Gehalt.
relative pronoun | demonstrative pronoun | |
Nominative | wer | der |
Accusative | wen | den |
Dative | wem | den |
Sentences starting with wo, wer and was are relative clauses, which means they are dependent clauses and the verb must always be at the end of the sentence!
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